Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the use of numerical methods and algorithms to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer. CFD solves the governing equations of fluid motion, typically the Navier–Stokes equations, using discretization techniques such as finite volume, finite element, or finite difference methods. It allows detailed analysis of complex flows that are difficult or impossible to study experimentally. CFD is widely used in aerospace, automotive design, energy systems, meteorology, and biomedical engineering. Modern CFD incorporates turbulence modeling, multiphase flow, chemical reactions, and fluid–structure interaction. High-performance computing enables large-scale simulations with high resolution. CFD plays a critical role in design optimization, performance prediction, and risk assessment. As computational power continues to grow, CFD remains a cornerstone of modern fluid mechanics and engineering analysis.