Curved Spacetime refers to the deformation of spacetime geometry caused by mass and energy. In this framework, gravity is not treated as a force but as the result of curvature influencing the motion of matter and radiation. Objects follow geodesics, which are the straightest possible paths in curved spacetime. Curved spacetime explains phenomena such as gravitational time dilation, light bending, and orbital precession. The degree of curvature depends on energy density and pressure. Strong curvature occurs near massive objects like black holes and neutron stars. Curved spacetime is fundamental to understanding gravitational waves and cosmic evolution. This concept replaces Newtonian gravity with a geometric interpretation that has been confirmed by numerous experiments and observations.
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Alexander Unzicker, Pestalozzi Gymnasium Munchen, Germany
Title : Global photochemical model CHARM-DE of the earth’s atmosphere for altitudes 0-130 km
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Amir Sohail, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Yarub Al Douri, European Academy of Sciences, Belgium
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Thomas J Webster, Brown University, United States