DNA Biosensors detect specific nucleic acid sequences using complementary base pairing. They are used in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensic analysis. DNA biosensors consist of a biological recognition layer and a physical transducer. Hybridization events produce measurable signals through electrochemical or optical changes. Physics governs charge transfer, fluorescence, and signal processing mechanisms. DNA biosensors offer high specificity and sensitivity for genetic detection. They enable rapid identification of pathogens, mutations, and genetic markers. Advances in nanomaterials have improved performance and miniaturization. DNA biosensors bridge molecular biology and physical sensing technologies, supporting modern genomics and personalized medicine.
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Thomas J Webster, Brown University, United States
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