The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect extends the integer quantum Hall effect by revealing quantized conductance at fractional values. It arises from strong electron–electron interactions in two-dimensional systems under extreme conditions. This effect cannot be explained by single-particle theories and requires many-body quantum descriptions. Fractional quantum Hall states exhibit exotic quasiparticles with fractional charge and anyonic statistics. These quasiparticles are of great interest for topological quantum computing. The discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect demonstrated the importance of correlations in quantum systems. It remains a central topic in strongly correlated electron physics and quantum many-body theory.
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