Geometrical Optics is an approximation of optics that treats light as rays traveling in straight lines. It is valid when the wavelength of light is much smaller than the dimensions of optical components. Geometrical optics explains phenomena such as reflection, refraction, image formation, and lens behavior. It provides simple and powerful tools for analyzing optical systems like mirrors, lenses, and prisms. This approach is widely used in optical instrument design, including cameras, microscopes, and telescopes. Although it neglects wave effects such as diffraction, geometrical optics remains highly effective for many practical applications. It serves as a foundational framework for optical engineering and introductory optics education.
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