The Higgs Mechanism explains how elementary particles acquire mass through interaction with the Higgs field. In the Standard Model, gauge symmetry initially forbids mass terms for particles. The Higgs mechanism resolves this by introducing a scalar field that undergoes spontaneous symmetry breaking. As particles interact with this field, they acquire mass proportional to their coupling strength. The Higgs boson is the observable excitation of the Higgs field. Its discovery provided direct confirmation of this mechanism. The Higgs mechanism is essential for the consistency of the electroweak theory. Without it, particles such as W and Z bosons would be massless. This concept plays a central role in particle physics and cosmology.
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