Multiphase Flow

Multiphase Flow studies fluid systems that contain more than one phase, such as gas–liquid, liquid–solid, or gas–solid mixtures. These flows occur widely in nature and industry, including boiling, condensation, sediment transport, chemical reactors, and oil–gas pipelines. Multiphase flow behavior is far more complex than single-phase flow because interfaces between phases introduce surface tension, phase change, and interfacial momentum exchange. The distribution, interaction, and dynamics of different phases strongly influence transport properties such as pressure drop, heat transfer, and mixing efficiency. Modeling multiphase flow requires combining fluid mechanics with thermodynamics and interfacial physics. Experimental visualization and numerical simulations are crucial for understanding flow regimes such as bubbly flow, slug flow, and annular flow. Multiphase flow research is essential for energy systems, environmental engineering, biomedical applications, and industrial process optimization.