Optical Spectroscopy

Optical Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between light and matter as a function of wavelength or frequency. It provides detailed information about the electronic, vibrational, and rotational structure of atoms, molecules, and solids. By analyzing absorption, emission, or scattering spectra, optical spectroscopy reveals material composition, chemical bonding, and energy-level structure. This technique is fundamental in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Optical spectroscopy is widely used in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and astrophysics. Variants such as absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy enable precise and non-destructive analysis. Advances in laser sources and detectors have greatly enhanced spectral resolution and sensitivity. Optical spectroscopy remains an indispensable tool for probing matter at microscopic and macroscopic scales.